THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ASTRONOMY

Sultana N. Nahar
Atom Atom Atom Iron Spectrum Iron Spectrum

"NORAD-Atomic-Data (NORAD: Nahar-OSU-Radiative-Atomic-Data)"

Introduction
Accuracy & Benchmarking
Notation Description
Atomic Radiative Data 1 (Z upto 28)
Atomic Radiative Data 2 (Z > 28)
EIE Collision 3
Measured Lines & Energies 5
Measured Photoionization 6
Program Codes
News
  • Atom - NORAD-Atomic-Data Access metric charts
  • Introduction:

  • Brief Description:

  • The on-line NORAD-Atomic-Data based at the Ohio State University contains large amount calculated atomic data relevant to various radiative and collisional atomic processes, such as, excitation of energies, photoionization, electron-ion recombination, radiative transitions, lifetimes, etc relevant to astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. They are obtained mainly from large scale R-matrix calculations and some from atomic structure program SUPERSTRUCTURE carried out at the Ohio Supercomputer Center (OSC) by Nahar et al
  • "`Database NORAD-Atomic-Data for atomic processes in plasma", Sultana N. Nahar, Atoms 8, issue 4, 68 (2020)
    The paper provides information, methodology, description of NORAD-Atomic-Data

  • Atomic Data files contain:

    - i) Energies,
    - ii) Oscillator Strengths, transition probabilities for allowed and forbidden transitions,
    - iii) Photoionization cross sections,
    - iv) Electron-Ion Recombination cross sections and rate coefficients,
    - v) Lifetimes,
    - vi) Collision Strengths (OMG) (limited data),
    - vii) Experimental energies and lines, photoionization cross sections (in progress)

    - A significant part of the atomic data were obtained under the two international collaborations,

  • the Opacity Project (OP), and
  • the Iron Project (IP).
    - These atomic processes are considered for large number of energy levels, typically going up to n=10 that are needed for complete astrophysical models, diagnostics of astrophysical and laboratory plasma. Hence each ion has significant amount of data.

  • Current data at NORAD-Atomic-Data:

    The database includes atomic data for: 154 [98 in Table 1 with Z=1-28 + 56 in Table 2 with Z > 28] atoms & ions
    - New data are added with publications. SNN would appreciate acknowledgement of usage of NORAD-Atomic-Data web-page in your publications
    - NORAD-Atomic-Data are either new/updated over those from the original the Opacity Project (OP) and Iron Project (IP) at

  • TOPbase,
  • TIPbase
    - You may be interested in the monochromatice opacity data and codes from the OP and IP at OPserver at Ohio Supercomputer Center site:
  • OPserver

    - All files are in standard ascii character format for easy downloading and direct application to models. Spectroscopic information for all levels and transitions are provided. The spectroscopic identifications are given mainly in the energy tables. They can be connected to the numerical identification codes given in cross section and rate coefficient files.

  • This page set-up was initiated by Dr. Carlos Allende Prieto at the Steller Astrophysics II conference, Peurto Vallarta, Mexico, April 2007

  • Publications and Presentations, Comments:
    Atom Article on NORAD-Atomic-Data was highlighted in the front page of ATOMS:

  • "NORAD-ATOMIC-DATA for Radiative Processes at the Ohio State University", Sultana N. Nahar, Poster 31, ICAMDATA, NIST, October 2012, Abstract

  • "NORAD-Atomic-Data for Atomic Processes at the Ohio State University", Sultana N. Nahar, "Joint Workshop Between Battelle and Ohio State on Big Data and Cyber Security", Session II, Dreese Lab 260, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Dec 5, 2012, Abstract, Bio

  • Citations: - Some citation references

  • Some comments

    - "Unique and best resource for opaicty calculation", VahidReza Adineh, Islamic Azad University in Iran

    - Letter: Dr. Walter F. Huebner Southwest Research Institute, Texas

  • Nahar's interview for Knowledge Bank initiative for NORAD-Atomic-Data in onCampus news "What happens at OSU doesn’t need to stay here", Oct 31, 2013


  • NEWS:

    NORAD-Atomic-Data can be accessed from database pages, such as,

  • International Atomic Energy Agency
  • CfA-Harvard University
  • View of papers that refers to NORAD-Atomic-Data
  • Article vew/download: Ne IV transitions, Elsevier report, September 2014


  • Accuracy & Benchmarking:

  • Accuracy Guidelines for the data

  • Benchmarking of photoionizattion:

  • 1) With Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (LBNL)
    - "Photoionization of Metastable O1 Ions: Experiment and Theory, A. M. Covington, A. Aguilar, I.R. Covington, M. Gharaibeh, C. A. Shirley, and R. A. Phaneuf, I. Ávarez, C. Cisneros, and G. Hinojosa, J. D. Bozek, I. Dominguez, M. M. Sant'Anna,* and A. S. Schlachter, N. Berrah, S. N. Nahar, B. M. McLaughlin, Phys. Rev. Letts. Vol 87, 24, 243002-1 (2001)
    - "Absolute Photoionization Cross Section Measurements of O II ions from 29.7 eV to 46.2 eV", A. Aguilar, A.M. Covington, G. Hinojosa, R.A. Phaneuf, I. Alvarez, C. Cisneros, J.D. Bozek, I. Dominguez, M.M. Sant'Ama,A.S. Schlachter, S.N. Nahar, B.M. McLaughlin, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 146, 467 (2003)
    - "PhotoionizationofPþ: Experimentandtheory" , S.N. Nahar, E.M.Hernáez, L.Hernáez, A.Antil, A.Morales-Mori, O. Gonzz, A.M.Covington, K.C.Chartkunch and e, D.Hanstorp, A.M.Juáz, G.Hinojosa, J. Quant. Spec. Rad. Trans. 187 (2017)215-223
    - "Single-photon photoionization of oxygen-like Ne III", S.N. Nahar, A.M. Covington, D. Kilcoyne, V.T. Davis, J.F. Thompson, E.M. Hernandez, A. Antillon, A.M. Juarez, A. Morales-Mori, G. Hinojosa, Intl J. Mass Spec. 443 (2019) 61-69
    - "Photoionzation features of the ground and excited levels of Cl II and benchmarking with experiment", Sultana N. Nahar, New Ast 82, 101447 (2021)

  • 2) With Aahus University set-up in Denmark:
    - "Relativistic photoionization cross sections for CII", Sultana N. Nahar, Phys. Rev. A, Vol 65, 052702 (2002)
    - "Measurements of the absolute photoionization cross section of Fe+ ions from 15.8 to 180 eV", H Kjeldsen, B Kristensen, F Folkmann and T Andersen JPB 25, 3655 (2003)
  • 3) With Orsay Lab at University De Paris-SUD set up in France:
    - "Measurements and Calculations of Photoionization Cross Sections of Multiply-Charged Ions in Ground and Metastable States along the Isonuclear Series of Oxygen: O$^{2+}$ to O$^{4+}$" , J.-P. Champeaux, J.-M. Bizau, D. Cubaynes, C. Blancard, S.N. Nahar, D. Hitz, J. Bruncau, and F.J. Wuilleumier, Astrophys. J. 148, 583 (2003)
    - "Photoionization cross sections of O II, O III, O IV, and O V: Benchmarking R-matrix theory and experiments, Sultana N. Nahar, Phys. Rev. A 69, 042714 (2004)

  • 4) With BESSY II set-up in Germany:
    - "Photoionization of N3+ and Ar8+ in an electron beam ion trap by synchrotron radiation" M C Simon, M Schwarz, S W Epp, C Beilmann, B L Schmitt, Z Harman, T M Baumann, P H Mokler, S Bernitt, R Ginzel, S G Higgins, C H Keitel, R Klawitter, K Kubi#cek, V M¨ackel1, J Ullrich and J R Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 43 (2010) 065003 (11pp)

  • 5) With pulsed-laser excitation and ionization of Ti atoms in an atomic beam at University of Nebraska.

    - "Photoionization of ground and excited states of Ti I", Sultana N. Nahar, New Ast 38 (2015) 16-22


    Program Codes:

    Processing program codes:;

  • Program "lifetmss.f
    It i) reads energies and transition parameters of E1,E2,E3,M1,M2 obtained from atomic structure program SUPERSTRUCTURE and ii) calculated lifetimes. It needs
    - Input parameter file lftmin and the transition file
    - Fortran script runlftmss

    test for line ratio program LR


    Notation Description:

    Explanation of the "ATOMIC DATA TABLES" (down below):

  • FS -> fine structure, LS -> LS coupling
  • Energies E(LS,FS): E(LS) - LS term energies only, E(FS) - Energies for fine structure levels
  • Oscillator Strength (f), Line Strength (S), Radiative Decay Rate (A): LS - for dipole allowed LS multiplets,
    FORBID - for forbidden transitions, FS - for dipole allowed fine structures transitions (E1: same-spin &
    intercombination), f-exp - fine structure transitions among observed levels
  • Lifetimes: Lifetime - lifetimes of excited levels (with allowed transitions, R-matrix) Lifetime-ss - lifetimes of excited levels (with forbidden and allowed transitions, SUPERSTRUCTURE)
  • Photoionization (PX): Gd - total photoionization cross sections for the ground state
    Total - total photoionization cross sections leaving the core ion in various core states
    Partial - partial photoionization cross sections leaving the core ion in the ground state
    PxPt - partial cross sections for leaving the residual ion in ground and various excited states
    - Description for Photoionization Data
  • Electron-Ion Recombination:
    RRC - Recombination Rate Coefficients with T (K) for levels & summed total,
    OMRX - Total recombination collision strength, cross sections, & rates with photoelectron energies
  • fPXAC-K: File containing f, photoionization cross section (PX) and absorption coefficient (AC) for K-shell transitions


  • Atomic Models

    ATOMIC DATA TABLE 1 (Z upto 28) (Heavier to Lighter Elements )
    Ion ENERGIES E(LS, FS) OSCILLATOR STRENGTHS, LIFETIMES PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS SECTIONS PX (LS, FS) ELECTRON-ION RECOMBINATION RATES (RRC), CROSS SECTIONS OTHER, Lifetime, Collision Strength
    f, S, A (LS, FS, FORBID)
    Ni II E-LS , PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total,
    Ni XX E-FS f-A-S, , ., . , . Lifetimes
    Ni XXVI E-FS f-FS, lifetime-FS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial Level-Specific & Total, OMRX .
    Ni XXVII E-FS , PX-Gd-K, PX-Total, PX-Partial Level-Specific & Total, OMRX
    Ni 27+ E-LS, E-FS f-LS, f-FS, f-forbid PX-Gd, PX-Total Total RRC
    Fe I E-LS f-LS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total,
    Fe II E-LS f-LS, f-FS.1,f-FS.2, lifetime-LS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total, .
    Fe III E-LS f-LS, f-FS, f-forbid, lifetime-LS PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total, .
    Fe IV E-LS f-LS,, f-FS, f-FORBID, lifetime-LS PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total, .
    Fe V E-LS , ,, PX-Gd, PX-total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total,
    Fe XIII E-LS f-LS, f-FS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total, lifetime-LS
    Fe XIV E-FS f-FS, f-exp, , , lifetime-FS
    Fe XV E-FS f-FS, f-exp, f-FORBID , , lifetime-FS
    Fe XVI E-FS f-FS, f-exp, f-FORBID , , lifetime-FS
    Fe XVII E-FS f-FS, f-EXP, f-FORBID PX-Gd-3cc, PX-Partial-3cc, PX-Gd-60cc, PX-Partial-60cc, PX-Total-60cc level-Specific & Total , OMRX lifetime-FS
    Fe XVIII E-FS f-FS, f-exp, f-FORBID, f-A-S(SS) , , lifetime-FS, lifetime(SS)
    Fe XIX E-FS, E-LS f-FS, f-EXP, f-FORBID PX-Gd., PX-Total, . ., . lifetime-FS, lifetime.FORBID
    Fe XX E-FS f-FS, f-exp, f-FORBID , , lifetime-FS
    Fe XXI E-FS, E-LS f-FS, f-exp, f-LS PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total, OMRX lifetime-FS
    Fe XXII E-FS f-FS, f-exp, f-FORBID , , lifetime-FS
    Fe XXIV E-FS f-FS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial Level-Specific & Total, OMRX lifetime-FS
    Fe XXV E-FS(RRC), E-FS(f), f-FS, f-exp PX-Gd-K, PX-Total, PX-Partial Level-Specific & Total, OMRX Lifetime-FS
    Fe XXVI E-LS,E-FS f-E1, f-forbid PX-Gd, PX-Total Total RRC
    Cr I E-LS f-LS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total, OMRX lifetime-LS
    Cr XVI E-FS f-A-S(SS), , , . , . lifetimes
    Cr XXII E-FS f-FS, ,, , lifetime-FS
    Ti I E-LS , PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial , PX-PxPt-Gd State-specific & Total, OMRX
    Ti XIV E-FS f-A-S, , , , . , . Lifetimes
    Ti XX E-FS f-FS, ,, , lifetime-FS
    Ca VII E-LS f-LS, f-FS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total, lifetime-LS
    Ca XII E-FS f-A-S, , , , . ., lifetime
    Ca XV E-LS ., ., . PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial .,
    Ca XVIII E-FS f-FS, , , lifetime-FS
    Ar V E-LS f-LS, f-FS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total, lifetime-LS
    Ar XIII E-LS, E-FS f-LS, f-FS, f-exp, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total, OMRX lifetime-FS
    Ar XVI E-FS f-FS, PX-GD, PX-Total, PX-Partial , lifetime-FS
    Ar XVII E-FS , PX-GD-K, PX-Total, PX-Partial ,
    Ar XVIII E-FS , PX-Total, ,
    Cl II E-FS ., . PX-Total, PX-GD, PTX-GD ,
    S II E-LS f-LS, f-FS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total, lifetime-LS
    S III E-LS f-LS, f-FS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total, lifetime-LS
    S XI E-LS f-LS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total lifetime-LS
    S XIV E-FS f-FS, PX-GD, PX-TOTAL, PX-PARTIAL Level-Specific & Total, OMRX lifetime-FS
    S XV E-FS ., . PX-GD, PX-TOTAL, PX-PARTIAL Level-Specific & Total, OMRX
    S XVI E-LS, E-FS f-LS, f-E1, f-forbid PX-Gd, PX-Total Total RRC
    P II E-FS. ., ., PX-Total, PX-GD., PX-Partial, PTX-GD State-Specific & Total, OMRX .
    Si I E-LS f-LS, f-FS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total, lifetime-LS
    Si II E-LS f-LS, f-FS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total, lifetime-LS
    Si IX E-LS f-LS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total lifetime-LS
    Si XII E-FS f-FS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial Level-Specific & Total, OMRX lifetime-FS
    Si XIII E-FS , PX-Gd-K, PX-Total, PX-Partial Level-Specific & Total, OMRX
    Si XIV E-LS, E-LS f-LS, f-FS, f.forbid PX-Gd, PX-Total Total RRC
    Al VIII E-LS f-LS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total lifetime-LS
    Al XI E-FS f-FS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial Level-Specific & Total OMRX lifetime-FS
    Al XII E-FS , PX-Gd-K, PX-Total, PX-Partial Level-Specific & Total, OMRX
    Al XIII E-LS, E-LS f-LS, f-FS, f.forbid PX-Gd, PX-Total Total RRC
    Mg VII E-LS f-LS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total lifetime-LS
    Mg X E-FS f-FS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial Level-Specific & Total, OMRX lifetime-FS
    Mg XI E-FS , PX-Gd-K, PX-Total, PX-Partial Level-Specific & Total, OMRX
    Mg XII E-LS, E-FS. f-LS, f-FS, f-forbid PX-Gd, PX-Total Total RRC
    Na VI E-LS f-LS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total lifetime-LS
    Na IX E-FS f-FS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial Level-Specific & Total, OMRX lifetime-FS
    Na X E-FS , PX-Gd-K, PX-Total, PX-Partial Level-Specific & Total, OMRX
    Na XI E-LS, E-FS. f-LS, f-FS, f-forbid PX-Gd, PX-Total Total RRC
    Ne III . ., . PX-Gd, PX-Total, .,
    Ne IV E-FS f-FS, f-EXP PX-Gd, PX-Total, lifetime-FS, ,
    Ne V E-LS f-LS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total lifetime-LS, OMEGA,
    Ne VIII E-FS f-FS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial Level-Specific & Total, OMRX lifetime-FS
    Ne IX E-FS , PX-Gd-K, PX-Total, PX-Partial Level-Specific & Total, OMRX
    Ne X E-LS, E-FS. f-LS, f-FS, f-forbid PX-Gd, PX-Total Total RRC
    F IV E-LS f-LS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total lifetime-LS
    F VII E-FS f-FS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial Level-Specific & Total, OMRX lifetime-FS
    F VIII E-FS , PX-Gd-K, PX-Total, PX-Partial Level-Specific & Total, OMRX
    F IX E-LS, E-FS. f-LS, f-FS, f-forbid PX-Gd, PX-Total Total RRC
    O I E-LS f-LS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total lifetime-LS
    O II E-LS, E-FS f-LS, f-E1, f-EXP, PX-Gd-MTA, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total Lifeitme-FS
    O III E-LS f-LS, lifetime-LS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total OMG
    O IV E-LS f-LS, PX-Gd, PX-FS, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total lifetime-LS
    O V E-LS f-LS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total
    O VI E-LS, E-FS f-LS, f-FS, PX-Gd-FS, PX-Total-FS, PX-Partial-FS PX-Gd-LS, PX-Total-LS, PX-Partial-LS Level-Specific & Total, OMRX State-Specific & Total, lifetime-FS
    O VII E-LS, E-FS f-LS, PX-Gd-K, PX-Total-FS, PX-Partial-FS, PX-Gd-LS, PX-Total-LS, PX-Partial-LS Level-Specific & Total, OMRX, State-Specific & Total. lifetime-LS
    O VIII E-LS, E-FS. f-LS, f-FS, f-forbid PX-Gd, PX-Total Total RRC
    N I E-LS f-LS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total lifetime-LS
    N II E-LS f-LS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total lifetime-LS
    N III E-LS f-LS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total lifetime-LS
    N IV E-LS f-LS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total lifetime-LS
    N V E-LS, E-FS f-LS, f-FS, PX-Gd-FS, PX-Total-FS, PX-Partial-FS, PX-Gd-LS, PX-Total-LS, PX-Partial-LS Level-Specific & Total, OMRX, State-Specific & Total lifetime-FS
    N VI E-LS, E-FS f-LS, PX-Gd-K-FS, PX-Total-FS, PX-Partial-FS, PX-Gd-LS, PX-Total-LS, PX-Partial-LS Level-Specific & Total, OMRX, State-Specific & Total lifetime-LS
    N VII E-LS, E-FS. f-LS, f-FS, f-forbid PX-Gd, PX-Total Total RRC
    C I E-LS f-LS, PX-Gd, PX-Total, PX-Partial State-Specific & Total lifetime-LS
    C II E-LS f-LS, PX-Gd, PX-Total-LS, PX-Partial-LS, PX-FS State-Specific & Total
    C III E-LS, E-FS f-LS, f-E1, f-EXP, PX-Gd-LS, PX-Total-LS, PX-Partial-LS, PX-Gd-FS, PX-Total-FS, PX-Partial-FS State-Specific & Total, Level-Specific & Total, OMRX Lifetime-FS
    C IV E-LS, E-FS f-LS, f-FS, PX-Gd-FS, PX-Total-FS, PX-Partial-FS, PX-Gd-LS, PX-Total-LS, PX-Partial-LS Level-Specific & Total, OMRX, State-Specific & Total lifetime-FS
    C V E-LS, E-FS f-LS, PX-Gd-FS, PX-Total-FS, PX-Partial-FS, PX-Gd-LS, PX-Total-LS, PX-Partial-LS Level-Specific & Total, OMRX , State-Specific & Total lifetime-LS
    C VI E-LS, E-FS. f-LS, f-FS, f-forbid PX-Gd, PX-Total Total RRC
    He I E-LS, . f-LS, , PX-Gd-LS, PX-Total-LS, PX-Partial-LS State-Specific & Total, OMRX-LS Lifetime-LS
    He II LS & FS Allowed & Forbid PX-Gd, PX-Total Total RRC,
    H I LS & FS Allowed & Forbid PX-n1-10, PX-n1-800.zip n-specfic & total RRC, nl-specfic (n10) RRC, OMRX

    ATOMIC DATA TABLE 2 (Z > 28) (Heavier to Lighter Elements )
    Ion ENERGIES E(LS, FS) OSCILLATOR STRENGTHS f, S, A (LS, FS, FORBID) K-shell Transitions PHOTOIONIZATION Lifetimes
    u 83+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    u 84+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    u 85+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    u 86+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    u 87+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    u 88+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    u 89+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    u 90+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    u 91+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Pb.73+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Pb.74+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Pb.75+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Pb.76+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Pb.77+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Pb.78+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Pb.79+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Pb.80+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Pb.81+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Au 70+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Au 71+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Au 72+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Au 73+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Au 74+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Au 75+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Au 76+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Au 77+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Au 78+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Au 70+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Au 71+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Au 72+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Au 73+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Au 74+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Au 75+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Au 76+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Au 77+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Au 78+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Pt69+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Pt70+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Pt71+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Pt72+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Pt73+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Pt74+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Pt75+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Pt76+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Pt77+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    W 65+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    W 66+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    W 67+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    W 68+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    W 69+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    W 70+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    W 71+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    W 72+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    W 73+ E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid)
    Br II E (LS,FS) f (LS,FS,forbid) fPXAC-K PX Lifetimes

  • NORAD-Atomic-Data adds more data as they are published
    In the form of a Database, October 2007
    NORAD-Atomic-Data webpage was Created: April 2007


    Measured Lines and Photoionization Cross Section


    Measured Lines and Energies:

  • Under an initiative for wider accessibility of atomic data for model applications and theoretical benchmarking, NORAD-Atomic-Data is including experimentally observed data for lines from various laboratories. These data have been provided by the author/co-author of the paper
  • The original files have been formatted only for information, the data are saved as they were provided by the authors


  • Ion E & OSCILLATOR STRENGTHS
    Bi IV(Z=83) E-f


    Measured Photoionization Cross Sections:

  • Under an initiative for wider accessibility of atomic data for model applications and theoretical benchmarking, NORAD-Atomic-Data is including experimentally observed data for photoionization from various laboratories. These data have been provided by the author/co-author of the paper

  • The original files have been formatted only for information, the data are saved as they were provided by the authors

  • Photoionization cross sections were measured at the ALS (Advanced Light Source) of Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, USA

    Photoionization Cross Sections:

    Ion PHOTOIONIZATION
    P III (Z=15) PX

    NORAD-Atomic-Data adds more data as they are published
    In the form of a Database, October 2007
    Page Created: April 2007